The Jolly Roger describes a flag flown by a crew of pirates. Usually, the flag contained a skull and crossbones design. This design was primarily used by four pirates: Edward England, John Taylor, Sam Bellamy and John Martel. Historically, the flag was flown to frighten pirates' victims into surrendering without a fight, since it conveyed the message that the attackers were outlaws who would not consider themselves bound by the usual rules of engagement -- and might, therefore, slaughter those they defeated. Pirates did not fly the Jolly Roger at all times. Like other vessels, pirate ships usually stocked a variety of different flags, and would normally fly false colors or no colors until they had their prey within firing range. When the pirates' intended victim was within range, the Jolly Roger would be raised, often simultaneously with a warning shot.
Since the decline of piracy, various military units have used the Jolly Roger, usually in skull-and-crossbones design, as a unit identification insignia or a victory flag to ascribe to themselves the proverbial ferocity and toughness of pirates. It has also unofficially been used to signify Electric Hazard. The background is blood red and the Skull and Bones are black in color.
A Jolly Roger tattoo is closely associated with piracy, death, toughness. It is one of the oldest sailor tattoos and can be found on those who sail for sport or profession. The Jolly Roger tattoo is also associated with military members, especially the United States Navy, the British Royal Navy and the United States Army Air Corps.
